Buying property in Nigeria can feel like navigating a maze, especially when documents are missing, forged, or unclear. Every year, countless buyers lose millions to incomplete paperwork, family disputes, or outright fraud.  

But it doesn’t have to be that way.  

Whether you’re a first-time buyer, a real estate investor, or a diaspora Nigerian securing land back home, knowing which documents to request—and how to verify them—is your best defence.  

Here are the 11 essential documents you must check before making any payment.  

1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)  

The C of O is issued by the state government and serves as official proof that the land is free from acquisition or encumbrance. Always confirm its authenticity online via the Lagos State e-SEARCH portal.   

��️ Tip: Avoid properties without a C of O in areas like Lekki or Ajah where government acquisition is common. 

2. Governor’s Consent  

If the land has been sold before, a Governor’s Consent is required for the new transaction to be legally recognised. Without it, the sale is not binding.  

3. Registered Survey Plan  

This document defines the exact size and boundaries of the land. Cross-check it with the Office of the Surveyor-General.  

4. Deed of Assignment  

This proves the seller has the right to transfer ownership to you. It must be stamped and registered at the Land Registry.  

5. Excision Document  

If the land is on taken or acquired land, an excision document proves that the government has released that portion back to the original owners.  

6. Gazette  

An official government publication that records the excision or release of land. This is especially important for properties in formerly acquired zones.  

7. Search Report (Land Registry)  

A search report conducted at the Land Registry will reveal previous transactions, liens, mortgages, or legal disputes attached to the property.  

8. Tax Clearance Certificate  

This shows the seller is up-to-date on land use taxes. Unpaid taxes can become the buyer’s responsibility after purchase.  

9. Building Approval Plan  

For developed properties, ensure the building plans were approved by the Lagos State Physical Planning Permit Authority.  

10. Power of Attorney (If Applicable)  

If someone is selling on behalf of the owner, a Power of Attorney document must be presented and verified.  

11. Receipts and Proof of Previous Payments  

Original copies of receipts and payment records show the history of the property and can help resolve future disputes.  

Don’t Become a Statistic  

Each year, more than 60% of land disputes in Nigerian courts stem from invalid or incomplete documents. Many buyers skip steps to save time or money—only to pay much more later in legal fees and stress.  

You have the power to verify, confirm, and secure your investment.  

Have questions or need professional help?

Taurean Max offers end-to-end property verification and legal support for buyers in Lagos and across Nigeria.  

• Call: +234 703 498 1775  
• Email: hello@taureanmax.com  
• Visit: 8/10 Ireti Street, Yaba, Lagos